The investment strategies identified in this table may not be available in all products or services provided by the specialist manager, and may not be available to all investors. Please consult with your BNY Mellon representative or a financial professional for additional information on how a particular strategy is managed.

Please note: Not all strategies may be available to all investors in all markets.

¹ Mellon Investments Corporation (MIC) is a registered investment adviser and subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation. MIC is composed of two divisions: Mellon, which specializes in index management, and Dreyfus, which specializes in cash management and short duration strategies. Securities are offered through BNY Mellon Securities Corporation (BNYMSC), a registered broker-dealer and affiliate of MIC. Note: Mellon's investment strategies are purely index.

² ‘Newton’ and/or ‘Newton Investment Management’ is a corporate brand which refers to the following group of affiliated companies: Newton Investment Management Limited (NIM), Newton Investment Management North America LLC (NIMNA) and Newton Investment Management Japan Limited (NIMJ). NIMNA was established in 2021 and NIMJ was established in March 2023.

³ Mellon provides day-to-day investment advisory services.

All investments involve risk including loss of principal. Certain investments involve greater or unique risks that should be considered along with the objectives, fees, and expenses before investing. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment.

The investment strategies identified in this table may not be available in all products or services provided by the specialist manager, and may not be available to all investors.

Please consult with your BNY Mellon representative or a financial professional for additional information on how a particular strategy is managed.

Please note: Not all strategies may be available to all investors in all markets.

Personnel of certain of our BNY Mellon affiliates may act as: (i) registered representatives of BNY Mellon Securities Corporation (in its capacity as a registered broker-dealer) to offer securities and certain bank-maintained collective investment funds, (ii) officers of The Bank of New York Mellon (a New York chartered bank) to offer bank-maintained collective investment funds, and (iii) Associated Persons of BNY Mellon Securities Corporation (in its capacity as a registered investment adviser) to offer separately managed accounts managed by BNY Mellon Investment Management firms.

This material has been distributed for informational purposes only and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any particular investment, strategy, investment manager or account arrangement, and should not serve as a primary basis for investment decisions. This material does not take into account the particular investment objectives, restrictions, or financial, legal or tax situation of any specific investor. Investors should consult a legal, tax or financial professional in order to determine whether an investment product or service is appropriate for a particular situation.

‘Newton’ and/or ‘Newton Investment Management’ is a corporate brand which refers to the following group of affiliated companies: Newton Investment Management Limited (NIM), Newton Investment Management North America LLC (NIMNA) and Newton Investment Management Japan Limited (NIMJ). NIMNA was established in 2021 and NIMJ was established in March 2023. In the United Kingdom, NIM is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (‘FCA’), 12 Endeavour Square, London, E20 1JN, in the conduct of investment business. Registered in England no. 01371973. NIM and NIMNA are both registered as investment advisors with the Securities & Exchange Commission (‘SEC’) to offer investment advisory services in the United States. NIMJ is authorised and regulated by the Japan Financial Services Agency (JFSA). All firms are indirect subsidiaries of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.

ARX is the brand used to describe the Brazilian investment capabilities of BNY Mellon ARX Investimentos Ltda. ARX is an affiliate of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.

Investment advisory services in North America are provided by Insight North America LLC, a registered investment adviser and regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Insight North America LLC is associated with other global investment managers that also (individually and collectively) use the corporate brand Insight Investment and may be referred to as "Insight" or "Insight Investment."

Walter Scott & Partners Limited ("Walter Scott") is an investment management firm authorized and regulated in the United Kingdom by the Financial Conduct Authority in the conduct of investment business. Walter Scott is also registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as an investment adviser. Walter Scott is a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.

BNY Mellon owns a 20% interest in Siguler Guff & Company, LP and certain related entities (including Siguler Guff Advisers, LLC).

BNY Mellon Securities Corporation ("BNYMSC") is a registered broker-dealer and registered investment adviser offering securities and managed accounts, respectively. BNYMSC is a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.

BNY Mellon Investment Management is one of the world's leading investment management organizations, encompassing BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. BNY Mellon is the corporate brand of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and may also be used as a generic term to reference the corporation as a whole or its various subsidiaries generally.

BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc., BNY Mellon Securities Corporation, Newton, Mellon Investments Corporation, ARX, Insight, Walter Scott and Siguler Guff are BNY Mellon companies.

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